Bridging the Gap: Strategy and delivery

RoSPA, as part of the Building Safer Communities Executive Group, has taken forward work to provide insight into the need for a national strategy for unintentional injury and harm in Scotland.

There have been three stages to this exercise.

Stage One focused on the planning and promotion of the exercise as well as specific background research
Stage Two focussed on gathering viewpoints and feedback on unintentional injury and harm. Viewpoints were gathered from practitioners and the public in three ways: at the Cross Party Group on Accident Prevention and Safety Awareness, Qualitative interviews and through an online survey.
Stage Three focussed on pulling together the results of stages One and Two into a final report for the Building Safer Communities Executive Group’s consideration.

You can also see the full list of strategic and policy documents below.

For more information on Building Safer Communities, please visit: http://www.bsc.scot/

Strategic and policy documents

Please note that this is an ongoing list and if you are aware of any other strategies, please contact [email protected]

Policies

Doc Type	Theme	Title	Date	Organisation	Key points	Country
Guidance	Leisure	Managing Risk in Play Provision: An Implementation Guide	2012	Play Safety Forum	Sets out the context of play and safety, specifically looking at risk-benefit assessment.	UK
Strategic Document	Leisure	Scotland's Play Strategy	2013	Scottish Government	to help improve play experience, "Play is an important part of childhood development".	Scotland
Strategic Document	Occupational	A Scottish Plan for Action on Health and Safety	2016	Partnership on Health and Safety in Scotland	To ensure everyone within workplace health and safety works towards common aims.	Scotland
Other	Occupational	HSE Business Plan 2018/19	2018	Health and Safety Executive	Sets out key priorities in line with the Helping Great Britain Work Well Strategy.	UK
Strategic Document	Occupational	Helping Great Britain Work Well Strategy	2018	Health and Safety Executive	Focusses on sector plans as well as health priority plans: stress, musculoskeletal disorders and occupational lung disease.	UK
Research	Occupational	Thriving at work The Stevenson / Farmer review of mental health and employers October	2017	Stevenson/Farmer	Focusses on the challenges of mental health at work	UK
Guidance	Water	Principle For Managing Water Related Risks	2013	NWSF	To help provide a ‘one stop shop’ for water safety advice.	UK
Research	Water	Global Report On Drowning	2014	WHO	Highlights drowning as among the ten leading causes of death for children and young people in every region of the world. Recommends that every country should have a national water safety plan.	Global
Strategic Document	Water	UK Drowning Prevention Strategy	2016	NWSF	Aims to reduce accidental drowning fatalities in the UK by 50% by 2026 and reduce risk amongst the highest risk populations, groups and communities.	UK
Guidance	Water	Preventing Drowning : An Implementation Guide	2017	WHO	How to implement 10 effective measures to prevent drowning.	Global
Strategic Document	Water	Scotland's Drowning Prevention Strategy	2018	Water Safety Scotland	Aims to reduce accidental drowning deaths in Scotland by 50 per cent by 2026 and reduce risk among the highest-risk populations, groups and communities as well as contribute to the reduction of water- related suicide.	Scotland
Research	Water	Local Authority Approaches to Managing Water Safety - Five Years On	2018	RoSPA	Five year follow on report into the approaches that local authorities take to the management of water safety in Scotland.	Scotland
Strategic Document	Road	Scotland's Road Safety Framework to 2020	2010	Scottish Government/Transport Scotland	Sets out Scotland's national road safety strategy to 2020 with the vision of, “A steady reduction in the numbers of those killed and those seriously injured, with the ultimate vision of a future where no one is killed on Scotland’s roads, and the injury rate is much reduced.”	Scotland
Strategic Document	Road	Global Plan for the Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011-2020	2011	United Nations	Serves to support the development of national and local plans of action, whilst also providing a framework to allow coordinated activities at regional and global levels.	Global
Strategic Document	Road	Strategic Framework for Road Safety	2011	Department for Transport	Sets out the strategic framework and policies to reduce deaths and injuries on our roads.	United Kingdom
Strategic Document	Road	Transport Scotland Strategic Road Safety Plan	2016	Scottish Government	Highlights the need to remove risk and prioritise initiatives aimed at preventing accidents and mitigating the effects when accidents+F27 occur.	Scotland
Strategic Document	Road	EU Strategic Road Safety Plan for Road Safety	2018	European Commission	A series of policies aimed at reducing death and injury on the EU roads.	Europe
Research	Older People	WHO Global Report on Falls Prevention in Older Age	2007	WHO	Looks at the issue of falls, challenges and "active ageing".	Europe
Strategic Document	Older People	Reshaping Care for Older People: A Programme for change 2011 - 2021	2011	Scottish Government	Sets out a vision and a number of actions to reshape care and support of older people. Notes housing adaption services should be streamlined to help independent people reduce their risk of accidents in the home.	Scotland
Research	Older People	Up and About or Falling short?	2012	National Falls Programme	Presents findings of a mapping exercise into service provision of falls/fracture prevention and management.	Scotland
Guidance	Older People	NICE CG161 Falls in older people: assessing risk and prevention. 2013.	2013	NICE	Evidence-based clinical guidance.	England and Wales
Strategic Document	Older People	The Prevention and Management of Falls	2014	Scottish Government	The main aims+ are to focus action on a more consistent approach to falls prevention and management.	Scotland
Strategic Document	Older People	The Prevention and Management of Falls in the Community: A Framework for Action 2014 - 2016	2014	Scottish Government	Supports a consistent approach to falls prevention and the implementation of local integrated falls and fragility facture pathways.	Scotland
Strategic Document	Older People	Somewhere To Go and Something To Do: Active and Healthy Aging : An Action Plan For Scotland 2014 - 2016	2014	NHS Health Scotland	Sets out actions for an active and healthy Scotland. A key theme within the action plan is falls prevention which focuses on improving national resources, developing a "place" standard, embedding falls in the workplace and developing a consistent approach to walking environments.	Scotland
Guidance	Older People	SIGN 142 The Management of Osteoporosis and the Prevention of Fragility Fractures	2015	SIGN	This guideline provides recommendations based on current evidence for best practice in the management of osteoporosis and prevention of fractures.	Scotland
Guidance	Older People	Occupational Therapy in the prevention and management of falls in adults	2015	Royal College of Occupational Therapists	Provides evidence-based clinical guidance for Occupational Therapists	UK
Research	Older People	Dementia 2015: Aiming Higher To Transform Lives	2015	Alzheimer's Society	Looks at the results of an annual survey of people with dementia and their care. One of its key recommendations is for a national plan for dementia to be developed.	UK
Strategic Document	Older People	Effective Secondary Prevention of Fragility Fractures: Clinical Standards for Fracture Lactation Services	2015	National Osteoporosis Society	Sets standards to help prevent fractures across the UK and includes the need to "prevent frailty, preserve bone health, reduce accidents".	UK
Guidance	Older People	NICE QS86 Falls in older people. 2017.	2017	NICE	This provides evidence based clinical guidance.	England and Wales
Research	Older People	NICE Impact Falls and Fragility Fractures	2018	NICE	Report into NICEs recommendations which could help prevent falls and fragility fractures.	England and Wales
Guidance	Home	Unintentional Injuries in the Home: Interventions For Under 15s	2010	NICE	Guidelines covering home safety assessments, supplying and installing safety equipment and providing education and advice.	England and Wales
Guidance	Home	Reducing Unintentional Injuries In And Around The Home Among Children Under Five Years	2014	Public Health England, RoSPA, CAPT	Identifies unintentional injuries as a major health inequality. Suggests a number of key actions including the need to provide leadership and mobilise existing services to prevent injuries.	England
Strategic Document	Home	Home Accident Prevention Strategy - 2015 - 2025	2015	Health, Social Services and Public Safety	A strategy, which focuses specifically on the home environment in Northern Ireland.	Northern Ireland
Research	Home	Unintentional Injuries and Home Safety Guidance	2017	NHS Health Scotland	Reviews advice on home safety and prevention of unintentional injuries.	Scotland
Research	Home	Home Safety Activity in Scotland	2018	RoSPA/Home Safety Scotland	Research into local authority views which found a mixed picture with clear barriers and a need for improvement.	Scotland
Other	Child	United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child	1989	United Nations	Includes; "Article 24 (e) To ensure that all segments of society, in particular parents and children, are informed, have access to education and are supported in the use of basic knowledge of child health and nutrition, the advantages of breastfeeding, hygiene and environmental sanitation and the prevention of accidents".	Global
Research	Child	Injury In Children: A Research Briefing Paper	2004	Health Scotland	Informs health promotion policy and recommends a national strategy for child injury prevention should be developed and public health in Scotland "should adopt a strong collective leadership and advocacy role for child injury prevention".	Scotland
Research	Child	Health for All Children 4: Guidance on Implementation in Scotland	2005	Scottish Government	Suggests a number of recommendations to improve child health including a multiagency approach with positive messages and home safety visits.	Scotland
Strategic Document	Child	Child And Adolescent Injury: A WHO Plan Of Action 2006 - 2015	2006	WHO	Presents a framework for the WHO's approach to the prevention of child and adolescent injuries. It is a ten year plan developed to direct regional, national and global efforts.	Global
Guidance	Child	Child Safety Good Practice Guide	2006	European Child Safety Alliance	A guide to help stakeholders working in member states to promote good practice and implement child injury prevention strategies.	Europe
Research	Child	Action Planning for Child Safety	2007	European Child Safety Alliance	Linked to the Child Safety Good Practice Guide, this report emphasises the need to develop a national child safety action plan.	Europe
Strategic Document	Child	Delivering a Healthy Future: An Action Framework for Children and Young People's Health in Scotland	2007	Scottish Government	Presents an approach to delivering improvements in healthcare for children and young people in Scotland for the next ten years. This includes unintentional injuries.	Scotland
Strategic Document	Child	Child Safety Strategy	2007	RoSPA, CAPT.	Provides recommendations for action in unintentional injuries in Scotland. It suggests a clear need for leadership with the Health Department. It also suggests Community Safety Partnerships should be encouraged to adopt injury prevention.	Scotland
Policy	Child	A Guide to Getting it Right for Every Child	2008	Scottish Government	Focusses on actions to improve the well-being of all children and young people. Eight areas of well-being are identified as areas for improvement. It notes that, "Keeping children and young people safe: emotional and physical safety is fundamental and is wider than child protection".	Scotland
Policy	Child	The Early Years Framework	2008	Scottish Government	Sets out the importance of getting the early years of a child’s life right (pre-birth to 8 years old) and giving children the best start in life.	Scotland
Other	Child	Scottish Government Response to the 2008 Concluding Observations from the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child	2008	Scottish Government	Mentions the link between deprivation and unintentional injury. It suggests that the Scottish Government should consider similar scheme to that funded by DCSF and delivered by RoSPA in England.	Scotland
Research	Child	World Report on Child Injury Prevention	2008	WHO	Brings together information on child injuries and prevention. It features a number of recommendations including the need to integrate child injury into a comprehensive approach to child health and the need to develop and implement a child injury prevention policy and plan of action.	Global
Research	Child	European Report On Child Injury Prevention	2008	WHO	Highlights that injuries are a leading cause of death and presents evidence of how injuries can be prevented. The report calls for greater commitment among policy makers.	Europe
Other	Child	United Nations Millennium Development Goals	2000	WHO	Eight goals created by the UN that all member states agreed to achieve by 2015.	Global
Guidance	Child	Unintentional Injuries: Prevention Strategies For Under 15s	2010	NICE	Formal guidance on strategies to prevent unintentional injuries among children and young people aged under 15. Recommendations include the need for home safety assessments and home safety equipment as well as the need for specific strategies for children's and young people's health and wellbeing.	England and Wales
Strategic Document	Child	Preventing Unintentional Injuries to Children in the NHS GGC	2010	NHS GGC	Local framework for action focussing on the key steps needed for a child injury prevention plan. The document suggests "At both national and local levels, there is a need for clear leadership, coordination of activities and improved communication."	Scotland
Research	Child	Good Places Better Health for Scotland’s Children Childhood Unintentional Injuries Evidence Assessment	2011	Scottish Government	Child injuries are considered a main priority in Good Places Better Health (2008). This evidence assessment aims to provide policy makers with information on child injuries	Scotland
Research	Child	Evidence Summary: Public health interventions to prevent unintentional injuries among the under 15s	2012	Scottish Government	Looks at research around Unintentional Injuries. It focuses on risk factors, strategies and prevention.	Scotland
Research	Child	Child Safety Report Card Scotland	2012	European Child Safety Alliance	Developed by the Child Safety Action Plan Project, the Report Card summarises Scotland’s performance with respect to the level of safety. Overall, Scotland was graded "good" although Water Safety was graded as "poor".	Europe
Research	Child	Why Children Die: Death In Infants, Children And Young People In The UK (Part A)	2014	RCPCH	Highlights the most recently available data on deaths to children and focuses on areas in which the UK can improve. One of its recommendations focusses on injuries and poisoning.	UK
Research	Child	Why Children Die: Death In Infants, Children And Young People In The UK (Part D)	2014	RCPCH	Follows on from the UK report but specifically focusses on Scotland. One of its key recommendations is that, "Local authorities and health boards should prioritise children's safety, and through utilising resources such as health visitors and home safety equipment schemes, educate and equip partners and carers to keep their children safe, with a focus on water safety, blind cord safety, and safe sleeping."	Scotland
Research	Child	State of Child Health Report	2017	RCPCH	Provides a comprehensive list of 25 measures for the health of all children in the UK, covers hospital admissions due to non-intentional injury and calls for strategic leadership at Local Authority level, training for practitioners and parenting interventions.	UK
Research	All	Health in Scotland	2005	Scottish Government	Touches on the challenges to health and healthcare in Scotland. It recommends the prevention of falls at or near home through home safety checks.	Scotland
Strategic Document	All	New Zealand Injury Prevention Strategy	2003	Ruth Dyson	Sets out a number of objectives to create a safe New Zealand "becoming injury free".	New Zealand
Strategic Document	All	The National Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Plan: 2004 - 2014	2005	National Public Health Partnership	Focuses on unintentional injury, self-harm and harm to others.	Australia
Research	All	Injuries In The European Union	2007	European Union	Quantifies the detrimental impact of injuries on the public's health within the European Union. It notes that one fatal injury is accompanied by over 2000 non fatal injuries.	Europe
Research	All	Equally Well	2008	Scottish Government	Looks at Scotland's Health Inequalities. Notes that reducing health inequalities should be a key priority for Scotland.	Scotland
Policy	All	Good Places Better Health	2009	Scottish Government	The Scottish Government's strategy on health and the environment. Four health challenges were mentioned: Obesity, Asthma, Unintentional injury ,Mental health and wellbeing.	Scotland
Policy	All	Commission On The Future Delivery Of Public Services	2011	Public Services Commission	Known as the Christie Commission, this report called for a radical reform of Scotland’s public services, in both delivery and culture. One of its key objectives was the reform of public service organisations in order to prioritise prevention, reduce inequalities and promote equality.	Scotland
Strategic Document	All	The Strategy for Justice in Scotland	2012	Scottish Government	Mentions accidents but notes that, "We are at a low risk of unintentional harm".	Scotland
Research	All	Scotland's Big Book of Accident Prevention	2015	RoSPA	Highlights the outcomes that can be achieved for the health of Scotland's population through partnership working in unintentional injury.	Scotland
Research	All	Building Safer Communities: National Strategic Assessment for Unintentional Harm	2017	Scottish Government	Notes a number of key priorities and recommendations including the need for a national strategy.	Scotland
Policy	All	Public Health Priorities For Scotland	2018	Scottish Government	Outlines the six priorities for public health in Scotland. One of the priorities is for, "A Scotland where we live in vibrant, healthy and safe places and communities".	Scotland
Policy	All	National Outcomes	2018	Scottish Government	Specifically for Unintentional injuries the focus is on one National Outcome, "We live in communities that are inclusive, empowered, resilient and safe "	Scotland
Research	All	Injury Prevention in Scotland - The Case for a National Strategy	2000	D. Stone, R. Muir and D. Gorman	This highlights the need for a national strategy for unintentional injury in Scotland	Scotland
Strategic Document	All	Safe and active at all ages - A national strategy to prevent serious accidental injuries in England	2018	RoSPA	This is a national strategy for all accident prevention for England.	England

Contributionary Factors

Doc Type	Theme	Title	Date	Organisation	Key points	Country
Research & Other	Isolation	The Relationship Between Injuries Falls, Fear of Falling, Social Isolation and Depression	2005		Looks at the correlation between falls and isolation.	USA
Research & Other	Isolation	Loneliness and Isolation Evidence Review	2010	Age UK	Looks into the differences between loneliness and Isolation.	UK
Research & Other	Isolation	Equal Opportunities Committee Age and social Isolation Report	2015	The Scottish Parliament	Suggests a national strategy on social isolation should be developed.	Scotland
Strategic Document	Isolation	A Connected Scotland	2018	Scottish Government	the Scottish Government’s national strategy for tackling social isolation and loneliness and building social connections	Scotland
Strategic Document	Deprivation	Child Poverty Strategy for Scotland	2014	Scottish Government	Builds on previous work and aims to: continue to aspire to a Scotland where no child is disadvantaged by poverty .	Scotland
Research & Other	Deprivation	Growing Up in Scotland: Health Inequalities In The Early Years	2010	Scottish Government	Shows clear evidence that people living in more deprived areas experience increase in injuries.	Scotland
Research & Other	Deprivation	Health inequalities in Scotland	2012	Audit Commission Scotland	Notes unintentional injuries as one of the significant health challenges.	Scotland
Research & Other	Deprivation	Young Children From Deprived Areas Are More At Risk of Serious Burns And Scalds	2017	Baker et al. Burns Volume 42 Issue 7 , 2016	Data in England from 1998 to 2013 shows that children from the most deprived areas are more than twice as likely to need hospital treatment for a scald or burn.	England
Research & Other	Deprivation	Effective Interventions For Unintentional Injuries: A Systematic Review And Mortality Impact Assessment Among The Poorest Billion	2018	Vecino-Ortiz, A et al. Lancet Glob Health 2018; 6: e523–34	Looks at effective interventions for unintentional injuries among poorer people.	Global
Research & Other	Mental Health	Childhood Psychiatric Disorder and Unintentional Injury: Findings from a National Cohort Study	2004	Rowe et al	Found that Children with psychiatric disorders had higher rates of unintentional injury.	UK
Research & Other	Mental Health	The Health Consequences of Child Mental Health Problems and Parenting Styles: Unintentional Injuries Among European Schoolchildren	2014	Keyes et al. Preventative Medicine 2014 Oct; 67: 182–188.	Looked at mental health problems, parenting style and Unintentional injury. It found that unintentional injury is a potential health consequence of child externalizing problems.	Europe
Research & Other	Mental Health	Utility of Self-Reported Mental Health Measures for Preventing Unintentional Injury: Results From a Cross-Sectional Study Among French Schoolchildren	2014	Constant et al. BMC Paediatrics 2014, 14:2	Supports evidence that child reported measures of psychopathy might help with injury prevention purposes.	France
Strategic Document	Mental Health	Scotland's Mental Health Strategy	2017	Scottish Government	Includes the key vision for the people of Scotland to get the right help at the right time, expect recovery, and fully enjoy their rights, free from discrimination and stigma.	Scotland
Research & Other	Mental Health	Injury Risks in School Children With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Or Autism Spectrum Disorder	2016	Journal of Safety Research	Found that school children with ADHD have an elevated risk of injury. There was no apparent connection between ASD and risk of injury.	Sweden
Strategic Document	Housing	Age, Home and Community: A Strategy for Housing For Older People: 2012 - 21	2012	Scottish Government	Looks at housing for older people in Scotland. It notes the housing sector supports health and social care through providing housing adaptation and services to help reduce the risk of falls and other accidents.	Scotland
Research & Other	ACEs	The Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Subsequent Injury in Young Adulthood: Findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent and Adult Health	1991	University of Nevada, Las Vegas	Examines the link between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)and unintentional and intentional injury in later adulthood. Found child maltreatment, particularly physical abuse and emotional neglect tended to have a strong influence on the odds of both unintentional and intentional injury.	USA
Research & Other	ACEs	Polishing the Diamonds - Addressing Adverse Childhood Experiences in Scotland	2016	Scottish Public Health Network	Aims to give an overview of ACEs in Scotland. Suggests that injury rates of children is linked to deprivation so is therefore most likely linked to ACE's.	Scotland
Research & Other	Alcohol	Hospital admissions, deaths and overall burden of disease attributable to alcohol consumption in Scotland	2018	NHS Health Scotland	Looks at patient admissions, deaths and burden of diseases because of alcohol: "Of particular concern is the contribution of alcohol to deaths from cancer as well as admission to hospital for unintentional injuries."	Scotland

Bridging the Gap: Strategy and delivery

Strategic and policy documents

Policies

Contributionary Factors

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