Cold Water Shock
Cold water shock can happen to anyone - even if you’re fit and healthy. And it can happen in any kind of open water: the sea, rivers, lakes and lochs.
Experts say that cold water shock is a key factor in many water-related deaths in the UK. That’s why it is crucial to understand exactly what cold water shock is and what to do if you’re affected by it.
What is cold water shock?
Cold water shock is a physical response to rapid entry into water that’s 15°C or lower.
In other words, if you enter cold water very quickly - either voluntarily or by falling in – your body can go into shock. This means you may:
Temporarily lose the ability to control your breathing
You could find yourself gasping for air and breathing up to 10 times faster than you would normally.
Experience a spike in heart rate and blood pressure
This can cause a heart attack, even if you're in good health.
If your body goes into cold water shock, you can very quickly become overwhelmed. You may be unable to swim and get yourself to safety. Inhaling just small amounts of water can result in drowning.
What to do if you go into cold water shock
If you've entered cold water unexpectedly
Float to live
Tilt your head back with your ears submerged. Try to relax and breathe normally while you move your hands to help you stay afloat.
Shout for help
Once the effects of the cold water shock pass, shout for help. At the same time try to move to the side of the water if you can.
If you're planning to enter water
Check conditions and local advice
Be prepared to change your plans if conditions read the signs or talk to rangers/locals . If you’re in any doubt, play it safe and stay on dry land.
Wear a wetsuit
If you’re in a group, you may feel peer pressure to brave the cold water in trunks or a swimsuit. Ignore it! A wetsuit will keep you warmer and reduce the risk of shock. A brightly coloured swimming hat is a good idea too.
Take a float and whistle
This will give you extra buoyancy and greatly improve your chances of coping with cold water shock. Look for a float with a whistle attached so that you can get attention if you’re in trouble.
Know your gear
If you’re using an alarm or app on your phone as a way to call for help, make sure you know exactly how to use it before you enter the water.
If you see someone in trouble
Call 999
Let the call handler know that you have a water-based emergency at the coast or inland. Stay as calm as you can so that you can clearly explain the situation and your location.
Help us save lives
Will you help us spread the word about cold water shock?
If you have children, teach them the basics
Make sure your whole family knows about cold water shock and how to Float to Live.
Talk to your local school
We believe that that information about cold water shock and Float to Live should be part of the school curriculum. Every child should have the chance to gain this life-saving knowledge.
Check in with your employer
You should be able to find information on cold water shock in you organisation's health and safety policy - especially if your workplace is close to water.
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